drytree25

  Global Energy Hegemony and Technological Change Global energy lies at the foundation of national economies and industrial systems and is a core determinant of international power. Since the Industrial Revolution, an energy regime centered on fossil fuels has taken shape, and by the twentieth century oil had become an indispensable resource for economic growth and military strength. Within this historical trajectory, countries that possess energy resources and corporations that develop and distribute them have played a decisive role in shaping the global economy and international politics. In particular, Saudi Aramco of Saudi Arabia and ExxonMobil of the United States stand as the world’s largest oil companies, representing the Middle East and the United States respectively as dominant energy powers. The two companies compete across oil and gas production volumes, technological innovation, investments in renewable energy, and carbon-neutral strategies, exerting a profound influe...